Endoscope control unit with braking system

ABSTRACT

A control unit that includes a braking system for fixing the position of an endoscope tip is provided. The control system includes an up-down control knob and a right-left control knob. The brakes are engaged by rotating the control knob itself counter-clockwise from a free wheeling position. After the brakes have been engaged, a sufficient amount of force applied to the control knobs will move the endoscope tip slightly in the corresponding direction, allowing for fine tuning of tip position after braking.

CROSS-REFERENCE

The present application is a continuation-in-part application of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/278,221, entitled “Endoscope Control Unitwith Braking System”, and filed on May 15, 2014, which, in turn, relieson U.S. Provisional patent application No. 61/824,634, entitled “ControlUnit For An Endoscope Having An Articulation Unit” and filed on May 17,2013, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/837,108, of thesame title and filed on Jun. 19, 2013, for priority. The above-mentionedapplications are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD

The present specification relates generally to endoscopes, and morespecifically, to a control unit comprising a braking system formaneuvering the tip of an endoscope and fixing the tip at a desiredposition.

BACKGROUND

An endoscope is a medical instrument used for examining and treatinginternal body parts such as the alimentary canals, airways, thegastrointestinal system, and other organ systems. Conventionally usedendoscopes have at least a flexible tube carrying a fiber optic lightguide for directing light from an external light source situated at aproximal end of the tube to a distal tip. Also, most endoscopes areprovided with one or more channels, through which medical devices, suchas forceps, probes, and other tools, are passed. Further, during anendoscopic procedure, fluids, such as water, saline, drugs, contrastmaterial, dyes, or emulsifiers are often introduced or evacuated via theflexible tube. A plurality of channels, one each for introduction andsuctioning of liquids, may be provided within the flexible tube.

Endoscopes have attained great acceptance within the medical communitysince they provide a means for performing procedures with minimalpatient trauma while enabling the physician to view the internal anatomyof the patient. Over the years, numerous endoscopes have been developedand categorized according to specific applications, such as cystoscopy,colonoscopy, laparoscopy, and upper GI endoscopy among others.Endoscopes are usually inserted into the body's natural orifices orthrough an incision in the skin.

In many endoscopes the distal end of an insertion tube is capable ofbeing articulated by a steering mechanism that includes a pair ofexternal control wheels coupled to steering cables mounted inside theinsertion tube. Rotation of one of the control wheels produces an up ordown deflection of the distal tip of the insertion tube while rotationof the second control wheel produces a left or right deflection of theinsertion tube tip. By operating the two control wheels, the distal endof the insertion tube can be pointed at a desired target within therange of the instrument or maneuvered through a tortuous path of travel.

Further, the control wheels or knobs are locked through respectivebraking mechanisms, thereby causing the distal end of the insertion tubeto be fixed in a desired position.

For example, German patent application DE 20 2011 109 769 UI, filed onJul. 1, 2011 and assigned to the applicant of the present specification,discloses an endoscope having an articulation unit. The deflection ofthe articulation unit (also called curvature device), and thus of thedistal end of the endoscope is effected by means of cables. In eachcase, two cables arranged opposite each other on the outer circumferenceof the articulation unit are connected to form a cable pair. The cablepairs are attached in such a way to cable drums that can be adjusted byrotary knobs so that the distal end of the articulation unit carries outa movement upwards or downwards (up/down; U-D) or a movement in adirection right or left (right/left; R-L).

When a human body is examined using an endoscope having an articulationunit, on occasions it can be advantageous to fix the deflection of thearticulation unit. As mentioned, usually this is accomplished by meansof a locking device, also called a brake, that prevents the cabledrum(s) from rotating.

Known braking or locking devices often are of a complicated design. Whatis needed is an efficient braking system that enables an operatingphysician to easily fix the endoscope insertion tube tip in a desiredposition when required and just as easily move the tip in a desireddirection.

There is therefore a need for a system that ensures smooth directionalreadjustment of right and left (or up and down) movement of theinsertion tube tip after applying a brake for fixing the end position.There is also need for a watertight braking system that provides acomplete separation of free movement and locking operations.

SUMMARY

A control unit for use with an endoscope for maneuvering the tip of adistal end of an endoscope insertion tube is provided. The endoscope tipis easily moved in up and down as well as right and left directions byusing the control unit of the present specification.

The control unit includes a braking system that allows for fixing theposition of the endoscope tip.

The present specification discloses a control unit providing a brakingsystem for an articulation unit of endoscope, said control unitcomprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end, the firstend being coupled with a first operating knob, the second end beingcoupled with a first cable drum and a first cable pair that are coupledwith the articulation unit of the endoscope, wherein at least a portionof the first shaft in proximity to the first operating knob includes aspace; a second hollow shaft having a first end and a second end, thefirst end being coupled with a second operating knob, the second endbeing coupled with a second cable drum and a second cable pair that arecoupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, wherein the firstshaft is positioned within the second shaft; a brake knob rotatableabout its center axis; a stationary sleeve arranged between the firstand the second shafts; a spring supported by the first shaft inproximity to the first end of the first shaft; a pin extending into thespace of the first shaft and coupled to said brake knob by the spring,wherein said pin has a first position and a second position; and atleast one brake body extending outwardly from said pin, wherein said atleast one brake body does not press against the stationary sleeve whenthe pin is in the first position; wherein the pin is movable from thefirst position into the second position by rotational motion of saidbrake knob in a first rotational direction and compression of saidspring, wherein said at least one brake body becomes pressed againstsaid stationary sleeve when said pin is in said second position, therebylocking said first shaft and braking the articulation unit in apredetermined direction, and wherein said pin is movable from saidsecond position into said first position by rotational motion of saidbrake knob in a second rotational direction opposite said firstrotational direction, thereby allowing the compressive force of saidspring to push said pin into said first position.

Optionally, said pin includes at least two brake bodies.

The predetermined direction may be a right/left (R/L) direction.

The brake knob may be of concentric design and positioned above thefirst operating knob for braking the articulation unit in apredetermined direction.

Optionally, the pin is held in the second position by a latchingmechanism. Still optionally, said latching mechanism comprises a controlpin extending outwardly from said pin and a spiral groove having anupper portion and a lower portion with a recess formed in a wall of thefirst shaft. The control pin may be free to move within said spiralgroove of said latching mechansim when said pin is in said firstposition. The control pin may be latched into said recess of said lowerportion of said spiral groove when said pin is in said second position.

Optionally, a sealing element is provided between the first shaft andthe first stationary sleeve.

The present specification also discloses a control unit providing abraking system for an articulation unit of endoscope, said control unitcomprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end, the firstend being coupled with a first operating knob, the second end beingcoupled with a first cable drum, a first cable pair, and thearticulation unit of the endoscope, at least a portion of the firstshaft in proximity of the first operating knob including a space; asecond hollow shaft having a first end and a second end, the first endbeing coupled with a second operating knob, the second end being coupledwith a second cable drum, a second cable pair, and the articulation unitof the endoscope, the first shaft is positioned within the second shaft;a brake disc having a central opening through which said second shaftextends, said brake disc being in physical contact with the secondshaft; a stationary sleeve surrounding at least a portion of the secondshaft; a brake base positioned below said brake disc, having a centralopening through which said second shaft extends and comprising a firstcontrol edge; a brake lid positioned above said brake base and saidbrake disc, coupled to said brake base, having a central opening throughwhich said second shaft extends and comprising a second control edge; aspring positioned between said brake base and said brake lid; a brakebushing positioned between said brake base and said brake lid and belowsaid brake disc, having a central opening through which said secondshaft extends and being movable vertically between first and secondbrake bushing positions; and a brake handle attached to said brake basefor rotating said brake base and brake lid; wherein said brake bushingis movable from said first position to said second position by rotatingsaid brake handle in a first rotational direction, causing said brakebushing to move upward and compress said brake disc against said brakelid, thereby locking the second shaft and braking the articulation unitin a predetermined direction, further wherein said brake bushing ismovable from said second position into said first position by rotationalmotion of said brake handle in a second rotational direction oppositesaid first rotational direction, allowing the compressive force of saidspring to push said brake bushing into said first position.

The predetermined direction may be an up/down (U/D) direction.

The brake handle may be of concentric design and positioned below thesecond operating knob for braking the articulation unit in apredetermined direction.

Optionally, the brake brake base, lid, and bushing are supported by ahousing surrounding the brake disc.

Optionally, the brake bushing comprises negative indentations on asurface for fitting into one or more positive indentations on a surfaceof the lid, compressing the brake bushing and the brake disc to the lidin the second position of the brake bushing. Optionally, in the firstposition of the brake bushing, the negative indentations on the surfaceof the brake bushing are not aligned with the positive indentations onthe surface of the lid and the brake disc is freely movable.

The present specification also discloses an endoscope comprising abraking system for an articulation unit of the endoscope, said brakingsystem comprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end,the first end being coupled with a first operating knob, the second endbeing coupled with a first cable drum that is coupled with a first cablepair that is coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, atleast a portion of the first shaft in proximity of the first operatingknob having a space; a second hollow shaft having a first end and asecond end, the first end being coupled with a second operating knob,the second end being coupled with a second cable drum that is coupledwith a second cable pair that is coupled with the articulation unit ofthe endoscope, the first shaft is positioned within the second shaft; aright/left movement controller unit comprising: a brake knob rotatableabout its center axis; a first stationary sleeve arranged between thefirst and the second shafts; a first spring being supported by the firstshaft in proximity to the first end; a pin having a tapered distal endand extending into the space of the first shaft in a first pin position;and three brake bodies extending outwardly from said pin and positionedequidistant from one another about a periphery of said pin; wherein thepin is movable from the first pin position into a second pin positionfurther into the space of the first shaft by rotational motion of saidbrake knob in a first brake knob rotational direction and compression ofsaid first spring, wherein each of said brake bodies becomes pressedagainst said first stationary sleeve when said pin is in said second pinposition, thereby locking said first shaft and braking the articulationunit in a first predetermined direction; further wherein said pin ismovable from said second pin position into said first pin position byrotational motion of said brake knob in a second brake knob rotationaldirection opposite said first brake knob rotational direction, allowingthe compressive force of said first spring to push said pin into saidfirst pin position.

Optionally, said braking system further comprises an up/down movementcontroller unit comprising: a brake disc having a central openingthrough which said second shaft extends, said brake disc being inphysical contact with the second shaft; a second stationary sleevesurrounding at least a portion of the second shaft; a brake basepositioned below said brake disc, having a central opening through whichsaid second shaft extends and comprising a first control edge; a brakelid positioned above said brake base and said brake disc, coupled tosaid brake base, having a central opening through which said secondshaft extends and comprising a second control edge; a second springpositioned between said brake base and said brake lid; a brake bushingpositioned between said brake base and said brake lid and below saidbrake disc, having a central opening through which said second shaftextends and being movable vertically between first and second brakebushing positions; and a brake handle attached to said brake base forrotating said brake base and brake lid; wherein said brake bushing ismovable from said first brake bushing position to said second brakebushing position by rotating said brake handle in a first brake handlerotational direction, causing said brake bushing to move upward andcompress said brake disc against said brake lid, thereby locking thesecond shaft and braking the articulation unit in a second predetermineddirection, further wherein said brake bushing is movable from saidsecond brake bushing position into said first brake bushing position byrotational motion of said brake handle in a second brake handlerotational direction opposite said first brake handle rotationaldirection, allowing the compressive force of said second spring to pushsaid brake bushing into said first brake bushing position.

The pin may be held in the second pin position by a latching mechanism.Optionally, said latching mechanism comprises a control pin extendingoutwardly from said pin and a spiral groove having an upper portion anda lower portion with a recess formed in a wall of the first shaft. Thecontrol pin may be free to move within said spiral groove of saidlatching mechansim when said pin is in said first position and saidcontrol pin may be latched into said recess of said lower portion ofsaid spiral groove when said pin is in said second position.

Optionally, a sealing element is provided between the first shaft andthe first stationary sleeve.

Optionally, the brake bushing comprises negative indentations on asurface for fitting into one or more positive indentations on a surfaceof the lid, compressing the brake bushing and the brake disc to the lidin the second position of the brake bushing.

The present specification also discloses a control unit providing abraking system for an articulation unit of endoscope, said control unitcomprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end, the firstend being coupled with a first operating knob, the second end beingcoupled with a first cable drum and a first cable pair that are coupledwith the articulation unit of the endoscope, wherein at least a portionof the first shaft in proximity to the first operating knob is hollow; asecond hollow shaft having a first end and a second end, the first endbeing coupled with a second operating knob, the second end being coupledwith a second cable drum and a second cable pair that are coupled withthe articulation unit of the endoscope, wherein the first shaft ispositioned within the second shaft; a brake knob rotatable about itscenter axis; a stationary sleeve arranged between the first and thesecond shafts; a spring supported by the first shaft in proximity to thefirst end of the first shaft; a pin extending into the hollow portion ofthe first shaft and coupled to said brake knob by the spring, whereinsaid pin has a first position and a second position; and a brake bodyextending outwardly from said pin, wherein said brake body does notpress against the stationary sleeve when the pin is in the firstposition; wherein the pin is movable from the first position into thesecond position by rotational motion of said brake knob in a firstrotational direction and compression of said spring, wherein said brakebody becomes pressed against said stationary sleeve when said pin is insaid second position, thereby locking said first shaft and braking thearticulation unit in a predetermined direction, and wherein said pin ismovable from said second position into said first position by rotationalmotion of said brake knob in a second rotational direction opposite saidfirst rotational direction, thereby allowing the compressive force ofsaid spring to push said pin into said first position.

In one embodiment, the predetermined direction is a right/left (R/L)direction.

In one embodiment, the brake knob is of concentric design and positionedabove the first operating knob for braking the articulation unit in apredetermined direction.

Optionally, in one embodiment, the pin is held in the second position bya latching mechanism. In one embodiment, the latching mechanismcomprises a control pin extending outwardly from said pin and a spiralgroove having an upper portion and a lower portion with a recess formedin a wall of the first shaft. In one embodiment, the control pin is freeto move within said spiral groove of said latching mechanism when saidpin is in said first position. In one embodiment, the control pin islatched into said recess of said lower portion of said spiral groovewhen said pin is in said second position.

Optionally, in one embodiment, a sealing element is provided between thefirst shaft and the first stationary sleeve.

The present specification also discloses a control unit providing abraking system for an articulation unit of endoscope, said control unitcomprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end, the firstend being coupled with a first operating knob, the second end beingcoupled with a first cable drum, a first cable pair, and thearticulation unit of the endoscope, at least a portion of the firstshaft in proximity of the first operating knob being hollow; a secondhollow shaft having a first end and a second end, the first end beingcoupled with a second operating knob, the second end being coupled witha second cable drum, a second cable pair, and the articulation unit ofthe endoscope, the first shaft is positioned within the second shaft; abrake disc having a central opening through which said second shaftextends, said brake disc being in physical contact with the secondshaft; a stationary sleeve surrounding at least a portion of the secondshaft; a brake base positioned below said brake disc, having a centralopening through which said second shaft extends and comprising a firstcontrol edge; a brake lid positioned above said brake base and saidbrake disc, coupled to said brake base, having a central opening throughwhich said second shaft extends and comprising a second control edge; aspring positioned between said brake base and said brake lid; a brakebushing positioned between said brake base and said brake lid and belowsaid brake disc, having a central opening through which said secondshaft extends and being movable vertically between first and secondbrake bushing positions; and a brake handle attached to said brake basefor rotating said brake base and brake lid; wherein said brake bushingis movable from said first position to said second position by rotatingsaid brake handle in a first rotational direction, causing said brakebushing to move upward and compress said brake disc against said brakelid, thereby locking the second shaft and braking the articulation unitin a predetermined direction, further wherein said brake bushing ismovable from said second position into said first position by rotationalmotion of said brake handle in a second rotational direction oppositesaid first rotational direction, allowing the compressive force of saidspring to push said brake bushing into said first position.

In one embodiment, the predetermined direction is an up/down (U/D)direction.

In one embodiment, the brake handle is of concentric design andpositioned below the second operating knob for braking the articulationunit in a predetermined direction.

Optionally, in one embodiment, the brake brake base, lid, and bushingare supported by a housing surrounding the brake disc.

In one embodiment, the brake bushing comprises negative indentations ona surface for fitting into one or more positive indentations on asurface of the lid, compressing the brake bushing and the brake disc tothe lid in the second position of the brake bushing. In one embodiment,in the first position of the brake bushing, the negative indentations onthe surface of the brake bushing are not aligned with the positiveindentations on the surface of the lid and the brake disc is freelymovable.

The present specification also discloses an endoscope comprising abraking system for an articulation unit of the endoscope, said brakingsystem comprising: a first shaft having a first end and a second end,the first end being coupled with a first operating knob, the second endbeing coupled with a first cable drum that is coupled with a first cablepair that is coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, atleast a portion of the first shaft in proximity of the first operatingknob being hollow; a second hollow shaft having a first end and a secondend, the first end being coupled with a second operating knob, thesecond end being coupled with a second cable drum that is coupled with asecond cable pair that is coupled with the articulation unit of theendoscope, the first shaft is positioned within the second shaft; aright/left movement controller unit comprising: a brake knob rotatableabout its center axis; a first stationary sleeve arranged between thefirst and the second shafts; a first spring being supported by the firstshaft in proximity to the first end; a pin extending into the hollowportion of the first shaft in a first pin position; and a brake bodyextending outwardly from said pin; wherein the pin is movable from thefirst pin position into a second pin position further into the hollowportion of the first shaft by rotational motion of said brake knob in afirst brake knob rotational direction and compression of said firstspring, wherein said brake body becomes pressed against said firststationary sleeve when said pin is in said second pin position, therebylocking said first shaft and braking the articulation unit in a firstpredetermined direction; further wherein said pin is movable from saidsecond pin position into said first pin position by rotational motion ofsaid brake knob in a second brake knob rotational direction oppositesaid first brake knob rotational direction, allowing the compressiveforce of said first spring to push said pin into said first pinposition; and an up/down movement controller unit comprising: a brakedisc having a central opening through which said second shaft extends,said brake disc being in physical contact with the second shaft; asecond stationary sleeve surrounding at least a portion of the secondshaft; a brake base positioned below said brake disc, having a centralopening through which said second shaft extends and comprising a firstcontrol edge; a brake lid positioned above said brake base and saidbrake disc, coupled to said brake base, having a central opening throughwhich said second shaft extends and comprising a second control edge; asecond spring positioned between said brake base and said brake lid; abrake bushing positioned between said brake base and said brake lid andbelow said brake disc, having a central opening through which saidsecond shaft extends and being movable vertically between first andsecond brake bushing positions; and a brake handle attached to saidbrake base for rotating said brake base and brake lid; wherein saidbrake bushing is movable from said first brake bushing position to saidsecond brake bushing position by rotating said brake handle in a firstbrake handle rotational direction, causing said brake bushing to moveupward and compress said brake disc against said brake lid, therebylocking the second shaft and braking the articulation unit in a secondpredetermined direction, further wherein said brake bushing is movablefrom said second brake bushing position into said first brake bushingposition by rotational motion of said brake handle in a second brakehandle rotational direction opposite said first brake handle rotationaldirection, allowing the compressive force of said second spring to pushsaid brake bushing into said first brake bushing position.

Optionally, in one embodiment, the pin is held in the second pinposition by a latching mechanism. In one embodiment, the latchingmechanism comprises a control pin extending outwardly from said pin anda spiral groove having an upper portion and a lower portion with arecess formed in a wall of the first shaft. In one embodiment, thecontrol pin is free to move within said spiral groove of said latchingmechanism when said pin is in said first position and said control pinis latched into said recess of said lower portion of said spiral groovewhen said pin is in said second position.

Optionally, in one embodiment, a sealing element is provided between thefirst shaft and the first stationary sleeve.

In one embodiment, the brake bushing comprises negative indentations ona surface for fitting into one or more positive indentations on asurface of the lid, compressing the brake bushing and the brake disc tothe lid in the second position of the brake bushing.

In one embodiment, the present specification describes a control unitproviding a braking system for an articulation unit of an endoscope,said control unit comprising: a first shaft having a first end and asecond end, the first end being coupled with a first operating knob, thesecond end being coupled with a first cable drum coupled with a firstcable pair coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, at leasta portion of the first shaft in proximity of the first operating knobbeing hollow; a second hollow shaft having a first end and a second end,the first end being coupled with a second operating knob, the second endbeing coupled with a second cable drum coupled with a second cable paircoupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, the first shaftpenetrating the second shaft; a first stationary sleeve arranged betweenthe first and the second shafts; a brake body being radiallydisplaceable in at least one radial opening made in a wall of the hollowportion of the first shaft; a spring being supported by the first shaftin proximity to the first end; and a pin extending into the hollowportion of the first shaft in a first position, the pin being movablefrom the first position into a second position out of the hollow portionof the first shaft by a force of the spring, the pin in the secondposition pushing the brake body out of the radial opening of the firstshaft, the brake body being pressed against the first stationary sleevelocking the first shaft, thereby braking the articulation unit in apredetermined direction. In an embodiment, the control unit causesbraking of the articulation unit in a right/left (R/L) direction.

In an embodiment, the pin is mounted in the first shaft for counteringthe force of the spring. In an embodiment, the pin is moved from thefirst position into the second position by one of a translation and arotation motion.

In an embodiment, the control unit further comprises a brake knob ofconcentric design positioned above the first operating knob for brakingthe articulation unit in a predetermined direction.

In an embodiment, the pin is held in the first position by a latchingdevice comprising a control pin extending radially from the pin, thecontrol pin being receivable in a spiral groove formed in a wall of thefirst shaft. In an embodiment, a sealing element is provided between thefirst shaft and the first stationary sleeve.

In another embodiment, the present specification provides a control unitproviding a braking system for an articulation unit of an endoscope,said control unit comprising: a first shaft having a first end and asecond end, the first end being coupled with a first operating knob, thesecond end being coupled with a first cable drum coupled with a firstcable pair coupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, at leasta portion of the first shaft in proximity of the first operating knobbeing hollow; a second hollow shaft having a first end and a second end,the first end being coupled with a second operating knob, the second endbeing coupled with a second cable drum coupled with a second cable paircoupled with the articulation unit of the endoscope, the first shaftpenetrating the second shaft; a brake disc coupled with the secondshaft; a stationary sleeve surrounding at least a portion of the secondshaft, the stationary sleeve supporting a spring on a first controledge; a brake element comprising a second control edge being supportedby the first control edge of the stationary sleeve in a first positionfor countering a force of the spring, the spring creating frictionalforce between the brake disc and the brake element, said brake elementbeing movable from the first position into a second position exertingpressure on the brake disc locking the second shaft, thereby braking thearticulation unit in a predetermined direction. In an embodiment, thecontrol unit causes braking of the articulation unit in an up/down (U/D)direction.

In an embodiment, the control unit further comprises a brake knob ofconcentric design positioned above the second operating knob for brakingthe articulation unit in a predetermined direction.

In an embodiment, the brake element is supported by a housingsurrounding the brake disc. In an embodiment, the brake elementcomprises at least a brake bushing, a brake drum and a lid, the brakedisc being positioned between the brake bushing and the lid, the brakebushing comprising negative indentations on a surface for fitting intoone or more positive indentations on a surface of the lid compressingthe brake bushing and the brake disc to the lid in the second positionof the brake element. In the first position of the brake element, thenegative indentations on the surface of the brake bushing are notaligned with the positive indentations on the surface of the lid and thebrake disc is freely movable.

In an embodiment, the control unit further comprises a brake handlebeing rotated from a first position to a second position for causing thebrake element to move from the first position to the second position.

The aforementioned and other embodiments of the present specificationshall be described in greater depth in the drawings and detaileddescription provided below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features and advantages of the present invention will beappreciated, as they become better understood by reference to thefollowing detailed description when considered in connection with theaccompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a distal end of a multi-viewingelements endoscope, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a bending section of amulti-viewing elements endoscope, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present specification;

FIG. 3 illustrates a multi-viewing elements endoscopy system, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification;

FIG. 4A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a handle of an endoscopecomprising a braking system, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification;

FIG. 4B illustrates a close-up cross-sectional view of an alternativearrangement of a first shaft and a first stationary sleeve within acontrol unit, in accordance with an embodiment of the presentspecification;

FIG. 4C illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of the first shaftwithin the control unit depicted in FIG. 4B;

FIG. 4D illustrates a perspective view of the respective positions ofthree brake bodies within a first shaft, in accordance with someembodiments of the present specification;

FIG. 5A illustrates an embodiment of a latching mechanism incorporatedin an endoscope braking system facilitating freewheeling and arrestoperation for controlling the right-left movement of the endoscope tip,depicting a control pin in a first position;

FIG. 5B illustrates the embodiment of the latching mechanismincorporated in an endoscope braking system of FIG. 5A, depicting thecontrol pin in a second position;

FIG. 6A illustrates cross-sectional side and top down views of oneembodiment of a portion of a braking system for controlling an up-down(U-D) movement of an endoscope tip, depicting a brake handle in a firstposition;

FIG. 6B illustrates cross-sectional side and top down views of theembodiment of a portion of a braking system for controlling an up-down(U-D) movement of an endoscope tip of FIG. 6A, depicting the brakehandle in a second position;

FIG. 6C illustrates cross-sectional side and top down views of oneembodiment of a handle of an endoscope, depicting an up-down (U-D)braking system disengaged; and,

FIG. 6D illustrates cross-sectional side and top down views of theembodiment of the handle of an endoscope of FIG. 6C, depicting theup-down (U-D) braking system engaged.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In one embodiment, the present specification discloses an endoscopehaving a tip section equipped with multiple viewing elements. In oneembodiment, a braking system for fixing a tip of the endoscope in adesired position is provided.

In an embodiment, the endoscope of the present specification comprises ahandle from which an elongated shaft emerges. The elongated shaftterminates with a tip section which is turnable by way of a bendingsection. In an embodiment, the endoscope comprises a plurality ofsteering cable eyes, positioned on the internal walls of the bendingsection. Through these eyes, steering cables are threaded to enable themaneuvering of the bending section comprising the tip of the endoscope.In an embodiment, the handle is used for maneuvering the elongated shaftwithin a body cavity by means of one or more knobs which control thebending section. In an embodiment, the braking system of the presentspecification ensures that a directional readjustment of right and left(or up and down) movement of the endoscope tip is possible. Further, themovement of the endoscope tip in the right-left direction or the up-downdirection can be arrested using the braking system.

The present specification is directed towards multiple embodiments. Thefollowing disclosure is provided in order to enable a person havingordinary skill in the art to practice the invention. Language used inthis specification should not be interpreted as a general disavowal ofany one specific embodiment or used to limit the claims beyond themeaning of the terms used therein. The general principles defined hereinmay be applied to other embodiments and applications without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the invention. Also, the terminology andphraseology used is for the purpose of describing exemplary embodimentsand should not be considered limiting. Thus, the present invention is tobe accorded the widest scope encompassing numerous alternatives,modifications and equivalents consistent with the principles andfeatures disclosed. For purpose of clarity, details relating totechnical material that is known in the technical fields related to theinvention have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarilyobscure the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a perspective view of a distal end of amulti-viewing elements endoscope 100, in accordance with an embodimentof the present specification, is shown. A tip section 107 of theendoscope 100 includes therein a front-pointing viewing element 104 forcapturing images through a hole in a distal end surface 106 of the tipsection.

A discrete front illuminator 108, which is, in an embodiment, alight-emitting diode (LED), is associated with front-pointing viewingelement 104 and used for illuminating its field of view through anotherhole in distal end surface 106.

A front fluid injector 110 is used for cleaning at least one offront-pointing viewing element 104 and discrete front illuminator 108.In one embodiment, front fluid injector 110 further includes a nozzle110 e for directing fluid toward at least one of front-pointing viewingelement 104 and discrete front illuminator 108. Distal end surface 106further includes a hole defining a working channel 112, which may be ahollow tube configured for insertion of a surgical tool to operate onvarious tissues. A pathway fluid injector 114, defined by another holein distal end surface 106, is used for inflating and/or cleaning thebody cavity into which endoscope 100 is inserted.

Tip section 107 further comprises therein a side-pointing viewingelement 116 used for capturing images through a hole in a cylindricalsurface 105 of the tip section 107. A discrete side illuminator 122,which is optionally similar to discrete front illuminator 108, in oneembodiment, is associated with side-pointing viewing element 116 andused for illuminating its field of view through another hole incylindrical surface 105.

A side fluid injector 120 is used for cleaning at least one ofside-pointing viewing element 116 and discrete side illuminator 122. Inone embodiment, side fluid injector 120 further includes a nozzle 120 efor directing fluid toward at least one of side-pointing viewing element116 and discrete side illuminator 122. In order to prevent tissue damagewhen cylindrical surface 105 of tip section 107 contacts a side wall ofthe body cavity, side fluid injector 120 and side-pointing viewingelement 116, in one embodiment, are located in a depression 118 in thecylindrical surface 105. In an alternative configuration (not shown),one or more discrete side illuminators may also be included in thedepression, so that fluid injected from the side fluid injector reachesthem. In yet another configuration (not shown), a side-pointing viewingelement, one or more side illuminators and a side fluid injector may notbe located in a depression, but rather be on essentially the same levelas the cylindrical surface of the tip section. Further, in otherembodiments, another side-pointing viewing element, one or moreadditional side illuminators, and another side fluid injector arepositioned, within a depression or on the surface level, on another sideor on the opposite side of the cylindrical surface from side pointingviewing element 116.

Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which shows a cross-sectional view of abending section 200 of a multi-viewing elements endoscope, such asmulti-viewing elements endoscope 100 of FIG. 1. A plurality of steeringcable eyes, such as four eyes 208, are positioned on the internal wallsof bending section 200. Through these eyes 208, steering cables arethreaded to enable the maneuvering of bending section 200.

Bending section 200, in an embodiment, comprises a working channel 202,through which surgical tools are inserted, a fluid channel 206, throughwhich fluids and/or liquids are infused, and an electrical channel 204with a plurality of electrical cables threaded through it, fortransmitting video signals from the viewing elements and for supplyingpower to the viewing elements and the discrete illuminators.

Reference is now made to FIG. 3, which shows a multi-viewing elementsendoscopy system 300. System 300 comprises a multi-viewing elementsendoscope 302. Multi-viewing elements endoscope 302 comprises a handle304 from which an elongated shaft 306 emerges. Elongated shaft 306terminates with a tip section 308 which is turnable by way of a bendingsection 310. In an embodiment, handle 304 is used for maneuveringelongated shaft 306 within a body cavity; the handle comprises one ormore knobs and/or switches 305 which control bending section 310 as wellas functions such as fluid injection and suction. Handle 304 furthercomprises a working channel opening 312 through which surgical tools areinserted.

A utility cable 314 connects handle 304 and a controller 316. Utilitycable 314 comprises therein one or more fluid channels and one or moreelectrical channels. The electrical channel(s) comprises at least onedata cable for receiving video signals from the front and side-pointingviewing elements, as well as at least one power cable for providingelectrical power to the viewing elements and to the discreteilluminators.

In an embodiment, one or more input devices, such as a keyboard 318, isconnected to controller 316 for the purpose of human interaction withthe controller 316. Also in an embodiment, a display 320 is connected tocontroller 316 and configured to display images and/or video streamsreceived from the viewing elements of multi-viewing elements endoscope302.

FIG. 4A shows a cross section of an exemplary embodiment of a controlunit 4010 for an endoscope. The control unit 4010 is incorporated intothe handle of the endoscope. This example exhibits a locking or brakingmeans for the movements right-left (R-L) as well as up-down (U-D). Itwould be appreciated that the operating elements are of concentricdesign and thus permit simple and intuitive operation.

The control unit 4010 comprises a first shaft 4020 that is connected atits proximal end to a first operating knob 4030. At its distal end, theshaft 4020 is connected to a first cable drum 4040. The cable drum 4040is attached to a first cable pair (not shown), which is further attachedwith an articulation unit (not shown) of the endoscope. As explainedearlier, the deflection of the articulation unit can be controlled formanoeuvring and fixing the position of the endoscope tip. In anembodiment, the first cable pair connected to the cable drum 4040 isarranged for moving the articulation unit in the direction R-L or U-D.If, for example, the first cable pair is arranged to provide a R-Lmovement, the corresponding movement of the articulation unit can betriggered by moving the first operating knob 4030.

In one embodiment, at least a part of the first shaft 4020 is designedas a hollow shaft in the area of the first operating knob 4030. In oneembodiment, at least one radial opening is provided in the wall of thehollow shaft, which is occupied by a brake body 4090. The brake body4090 can be shifted radially in the opening. In one embodiment, aplurality of brake bodies 4090 is provided.

In one embodiment, to achieve locking of the first shaft 4020, a brakeknob 4005 of concentric design is provided above the first operatingknob 4030. The brake knob 4005 is rotatable about its center axis. Thebraking system further comprises a first pin 4110 that extends into thehollow section of the first shaft 4020. The first pin 4110 is mounted tocounter the force of a first spring 4100 that is supported on the firstshaft 4020. Here the components are arranged relative to each other suchthat the first pin 4110 can be forced out of the hollow-shaft section bymeans of the first spring 4100. The first pin 4110 further exhibits atapered section 4115 that receives the brake body/bodies 4090 in a firstposition. This first position of the brake body 4090 is shown in FIG.4A.

The first pin 4110 can be moved from this first position into a secondposition by means of translation and/or rotation, counter to the forceof the first spring 4100 that is supported on the first shaft 4020. Whenmoved from the first position to the second position, the first pin 4110acts on the brake body 4090 in such a manner that it is partly forceddownward through the opening of the shaft 4020 and is pressed against afirst stationary sleeve 4080 that is arranged between the first shaft4020 and a second shaft 4050.

This frictional connection between the brake body 4090 and the firststationary sleeve 4080 locks the first shaft 4020, thus braking thearticulation unit in the R-L direction. It would be appreciated that thesetting of the articulation unit relative to the R-L direction can bereadjusted or finally adjusted after braking by overcoming the frictionof the brake body 4090 and the first stationary sleeve 4080, wherein thelevel of the frictional force is predetermined by the pretension of thefirst spring 4100 that puts pressure on the first pin 4110 in an upwarddirection out of the hollow-shaft section.

In one embodiment, the first pin 4110 is held in the first position in alatching device that has to be overcome initially for the first pin 4110to be brought into the second position. This allows the user operatingthe control unit to receive a touch-feedback on tightening and releasingthe brake.

FIG. 4B illustrates a close-up cross-sectional view of an alternativearrangement of a first shaft 4020 a and a first stationary sleeve 4080 awithin a control unit 4010 a, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent specification. FIG. 4C illustrates an expanded cross-sectionalview of the first shaft 4020 a within the control unit 4010 a depictedin FIG. 4B. Referring now to FIGS. 4B and 4C simultaneously, a firstshaft 4020 a and a first stationary sleeve 4080 a arrangement are shownwithin control unit 4010 a. In an embodiment, a proximal portion offirst shaft 4020 a includes a space 4006. In some embodiments, space4006 is configured to receive first pin 4110 a. In various embodiments,the first pin 4110 a comprises an elongated member having an externalsurface area configured to be slidably received within space 4006. Firstpin 4110 a is sized such that it is capable of rotating within space4006. In one embodiment, first pin 4110 a further comprises a taperedsection 4115 a that includes one or more pin openings 4002 a configuredto receive brake body/bodies 4090 a in a first position. In anotherembodiment (not shown), the section of the first pin including one ormore pin openings is not tapered.

This first position of the brake body 4090 a is shown in FIG. 4B,wherein the braking mechanism is engaged. In one embodiment, at leastone radial shaft opening 4112 a is provided in the first shaft 4020 a,such that radial shaft opening 4112 a is aligned with pin opening 4002 aof pin 4110 a. In various embodiments, radial shaft opening 4112 a iselongated and cylindrically shaped. In various embodiments, the brakebody 4090 a comprises an elongate member sized to fit within said radialshaft opening 4112 a. Brake body 4090 a may be perpendicularly alignedto the first shaft 4020 a and first pin 4110 a. Pin opening 4002 a maysupport the alignment of brake body 4090 a such that brake body 4090 aextends perpendicularly outwards from the first pin 4110 a. Brake body4090 a can be shifted longitudinally and radially relative to the firststationary sleeve 4080 a.

Rotational movement of the brake knob 4005 a in a first direction istranslated into distal movement of the first pin 4110 a into space 4006,resulting in the brake body/bodies 4090 a sliding within said radialshaft opening 4112 a and said pin opening 4002 a and shifting distallywithin said space 4006. As the brake bodies 4090 a shift distally, theycome into contact with an inner surface 4081 a of said first stationarysleeve 4080 a, enabling the locking mechanism. Rotational movement ofthe brake knob 4005 a in a second direction opposite said firstdirection moves allows the compression force of spring 4100 a to pushsaid first pin 4110 a in a proximal direction, resulting in slidingmovement and proximal movement of said brake body/bodies 4090 a awayfrom said inner surface 4081 a, eliminating the contact between saidbrake body/bodies 4090 a and said sleeve 4080 a, thus disabling thebraking mechanism. Though sleeve 4080 a is depicted in FIG. 4B as havinga varying wall thickness, other embodiments are envisioned whereinsleeve 4080 a has a consistent wall thickness throughout its length, andwall thickness is not intended to contribute to the functioning of thebraking mechanism.

In one embodiment, a plurality of brake bodies 4090 a is provided, eachthrough a different shaft opening 4112 a and pin opening 4002 a.Referring to FIG. 4D, in an embodiment having three brake bodies 4090 a,the central axis of any one of the three brake bodies 4090 a ispositioned approximately 120 degrees from the central axis of theadjacent brake body 4090 a. FIG. 4D illustrates a perspective view ofthe respective positions of three brake bodies 4090 a within first shaft4020 a, in accordance with some embodiments of the specification.Elongated brake bodies 4090 a extend radially outwards through pinopenings 4002 a in the wall of first shaft 4020 a. In other embodiments,the control unit includes two, three, or more brake bodies.

In the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 4B through 4D, brake body 4090 a isslightly elongated as compared to the brake body 4090 depicted in FIG.4A. In addition, a width of the first shaft 4020 a is increased relativeto a width of shaft 4020 of FIG. 4A to accommodate the longer brakebodies 4090 a. An elongated length 4004 of brake body 4090 a providesincreased torque for braking. In embodiments, brake body 4090 may have alength in the range of 3-4 millimetres (mm). In various embodiments,elongated brake body 4090 a may have a length between 4 to 10 mm,between 7 to 8 mm, or any other length in the range of 4 to 10 mm.Radial opening 4002 a within the wall of first shaft 4020 a extendsalong a thickness 4004 of wall of first shaft 4020 a. In embodiments,thickness 4004 must be sufficient to support the length of brake body4090 a. Therefore, thickness 4004 may be similar to length of brake body4090 a.

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate a latching mechanism 5000 incorporated in theendoscope braking system for facilitating freewheeling and arrestoperation for controlling the right-left movement of the endoscope tip,in accordance with an embodiment of the present specification. In oneembodiment, as is shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, holding the first pin 5110in the latching mechanism can be achieved by having a control pin 5113that extends outwardly from an outer surface of the first pin 5110. Thecontrol pin 5113 is received in a control section or groove 5114 thatextends in a spiral form from a lower portion to an upper portion in theshaft 5020 and at the same time effects a rotation and a shift.Basically, the control section 5114 is formed as a guide introduced intothe wall of the shaft 5020. A recess 5115 is formed in the lower portionof the guide into which the control pin 5113 can latch on account of theforce of the first spring and be pressed out again therefrom. FIGS. 5Aand 5B illustrate a first and a second position of the control pin 5113within the control section 5114, respectively. Referring to FIG. 5A, thecontrol pin 5113 is in the first position and free to move within theguide of the control section 5114. When the control pin 5113 is in thefirst position, the first spring (4100 in FIG. 4) is relaxed, the shaft5020 does not press against the first stationary sleeve (4080 in FIG.4), and R-L braking is not engaged. Referring to FIG. 5B, the controlpin 5113 is in the second position, engaged within the recess 5115 ofthe control section 5114. When the control pin 5113 is in the secondposition, the first spring (4100 in FIG. 4) is compressed, the shaft5020 is pressed against the first stationary sleeve (4080 in FIG. 4),and R-L braking is engaged.

Referring back to FIG. 4, the control unit 4010 exhibits a second shaft4050 that is connected at its proximal end to a second operating knob4060 and at its distal end to a second cable drum 4070 for attaching asecond cable pair (not shown) that is attached with the articulationunit (not shown). The cable pair that is connected to the second cabledrum 4070 is designed to move the articulation unit in the directionU-D, such that a U-D movement of the articulation unit can be effectedby moving the second operating knob 4060.

In one embodiment, the second shaft 4050 is advantageously designed as ahollow shaft and the first shaft 4020/4020 a is positioned within, orpenetrates, the second shaft 4050, providing a concentric design. Invarious embodiments, a compact control unit is obtained due to thisconcentric design.

The second operating knob 4060 exhibits a braking device wherein thesecond shaft 4050 is in contact with a brake disc 4120. In oneembodiment, the brake disc 4120 can be fixed up to a predetermineddesired degree by means of a frictional connection.

In one embodiment, at least a section of the second shaft 4050 issurrounded by a second stationary sleeve 4130 and a brake base 4075(also seen in FIGS. 6A and 6B) that exhibits a first control edge.Further, a brake lid 4140 is provided that is mounted to counter theforce of a second spring 4150 that is supported about the secondstationary sleeve 4130, and exhibits a second control edge that supportsthe second spring 4150 between itself and the first control edge of thebase 4075. A brake bushing 4195 is also positioned between the brake lid4140 and brake base 4075 and can be brought from a first position into asecond position by means of translation and/or rotation counter to theforce of the spring 4150 that is supported on the second stationarysleeve 4130. In one embodiment, said translation and/or rotation iseffectuated by rotation of a brake handle 4014. On account of thegeometry resulting from the control edges, the brake bushing 4195 in thefirst position does not produce any effect on the brake disc 4120, whilein the second position, the brake bushing 4195 exerts pressure on thebrake disc 4120 and thus fixes the position of the second shaft 4050.

The braking process is particularly effective if the brake disc 4120 isclamped in between the brake lid 4140 and the second stationary sleeve4130, or if a further brake element is connected to it.

This frictional connection between the brake disc 4120 and the brake lid4140 and brake bushing 4195 locks the second shaft 4050 and thus thesetting of the articulation unit in the U-D direction. Here, too, thelevel of the frictional force is predetermined by the pretension of thesecond spring 4150 that presses the brake bushing 4195 against the brakedisc 4120.

In one embodiment, a sealing element exists between the first shaft4020/4020 a and the first stationary sleeve 4080/4080 a. Also, since thebrake lid 4140 is part of a housing that surrounds the brake disc 4120,it is sealed using sealing means, so that both locking devices areprotected against the ingress of moisture.

This produces a control unit 4010 that is simple in design andwatertight, and maintains a haptically recognisable separation betweenfreewheeling and locking and is easy to operate.

In various embodiments, five components, namely, a brake bushing, abrake drum, a brake disc, a second compression spring and a lid areresponsible for causing a braking action arresting a movement of theendoscope tip in a U-D direction. FIGS. 6A and 6B illustratecross-sectional side views and top down views of a portion of thebraking system of an endoscope causing a freewheeling and arrestoperation of the endoscope tip in an up-down (U-D) direction, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present specification.

As illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B, all components of the braking systemare arranged in parallel. A brake bushing 6002 and a lid 6004 are shapedwith negative indentations 6006 and positive indentations, orprotrusions 6009, respectively. A brake disc 6008 is positioned betweenthe brake bushing 6002 and the lid 6004 and all the three parts arecompressed by a second compression spring 6007.

In a freewheeling position, as seen in FIG. 6A, the negativeindentations 6006 of the brake bushing 6002 and the protrusions 6009 ofthe lid 6004 are positioned away from one another, creating a small gap6018 and allowing the brake disc 6008 to move freely. A square head (notshown) connects the brake disc 6008 to a U-D control wheel, whichenables the U-D movement of the endoscope tip. The square head is partof the U-D control wheel which fits into a square hole 6010 in the brakedisc 6008, operatively coupling the U-D control wheel and the brake disc6008.

A braking effect for fixing the endoscope tip position in a desiredlocation is triggered by using a brake handle 6014. In an embodiment,the turning of the handle 6014 between two snapping positions(freewheeling and braking positions) is limited to an angle of 40°. FIG.6B illustrates the up-down braking system with the brake engaged. Thebrake handle 6014 includes a base 6015 which is screwed on to a brakedrum 6016 and changes the position of the brake drum 6016 and lid 6004relative to the brake bushing 6002 when rotated counter-clockwise. Theprotrusions 6009 slide into the negative indentations 6006, the gap 6018is eliminated and the brake bushing 6002 is compressed up to the lid6004 by spring power of the second compression spring 6007. Asillustrated in FIG. 6A, a small gap 6018 between the brake disc 6008 andthe lid 6004 is maintained during the freewheeling operation, allowingthe brake disc 6008 to move freely. In FIG. 6B, the gap 6018 iseliminated and the brake disc 6008 is fixed to the lid 6004 when thebraking effect is activated.

FIG. 6C illustrates a cross-sectional side view and a top down view of ahandle 6030 of an endoscope depicting one embodiment of an up-down (U-D)braking system disengaged. The brake handle 6014 is in its disengagedposition and the protrusions of the lid are not aligned with thenegative indentations 6006 of the bushing. In this configuration, theup-down control wheel 6012 is free to move.

FIG. 6D illustrates a cross-sectional side view and a top down view of ahandle 6030 of an endoscope depicting one embodiment of an up-down (U-D)braking system engaged. The brake handle 6014 has been rotated into itsengaged position and the protrusions 6009 of the lid are snapped intothe indentations of the bushing. In this configuration, the up-downcontrol wheel 6012 is fixed.

After the brake is actuated, it is still possible to move the U-Dcontrol wheel 6012 with slightly increased force and thus to bring thetip of a distal end of the endoscope into a desired position. In anembodiment, in order to deactivate the braking effect and achieve thefreewheeling operation, the U-D knob is rotated in a clockwise directionthrough a 40 degree angle and a force is applied, thereby causing theprotrusions to snap out of the negative indentations.

Hence, the present specification provides a braking system for use withan endoscope for maneuvering the tip of a distal end of an endoscopeinsertion tube. The endoscope tip may be easily moved in an up down aswell as right left direction by using the braking system of the presentspecification. Further, the braking system enables smooth transitionbetween smooth directional readjustment of right and left (or up anddown) movement of the insertion tube tip after applying brake for fixingthe end position. The braking system provided is a watertight systemthat provides a complete separation between freewheeling and lockingoperations.

The above examples are merely illustrative of the many applications ofthe system of present invention. Although only a few embodiments of thepresent invention have been described herein, it should be understoodthat the present invention might be embodied in many other specificforms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.Therefore, the present examples and embodiments are to be considered asillustrative and not restrictive.

1-22. (canceled)
 23. An endoscope system, comprising: an articulationactuator; a shaft coupled to the articulation actuator; and a brakingsystem, comprising: a braking lid, a braking disc configured to movebetween an extended position, wherein the braking disc is engaged withthe braking lid, and a retracted position, wherein the braking disc isdisengaged from the braking lid, a braking bushing, wherein said brakingbushing receives said braking disc, a biasing member configured to biasthe braking bushing, and a braking actuator, wherein the brakingactuator is configured to provide relative rotation between said brakingbushing and said braking lid; wherein said braking bushing is receivedwithin said biasing member.
 24. The endoscope system of claim 23,wherein said braking bushing comprises indentations configured toreceive protrusions of said braking lid, wherein the braking bushing isrotatable relative to the braking lid between a first configuration,wherein the indentations and the protrusions are out of alignment,thereby causing said braking bushing to compress said biasing member,and a second configuration, wherein the indentations receive theprotrusions, thereby allowing the biasing member to decompress.
 25. Theendoscope system of claim 23, wherein said braking actuator isconfigured to rotate said braking lid.
 26. The endoscope system of claim23, wherein said shaft is coupled to said braking disc.
 27. Theendoscope system of claim 23, wherein a space is defined betweenopposing surfaces of said braking lid and said braking disc when saidbraking disc is in said retracted position.
 28. The endoscope system ofclaim 24, wherein said protrusions are at an outer periphery of saidbraking lid, and wherein said indentations are at an outer periphery ofsaid braking bushing.
 29. The endoscope system of claim 24, wherein theshaft is received in the braking lid.
 30. The endoscope system of claim24, wherein the biasing member is in a compressed state when the brakingdisc is in the retracted position, and wherein the biasing member is ina decompressed state relative to the compressed state, when the brakingdisc is in the extended position.
 31. The endoscope system of claim 24,wherein the braking actuator is configured to align, through relativerotation between the braking bushing and the braking lid, the brakingbushing with the braking lid, such that decompression of the biasingmember pushes the braking disc into the extended position.
 32. Anendoscope system, comprising: an insertion tube; a steering knob forarticulating a section of said insertion tube; a steering shaft coupledto said steering knob, wherein said steering knob and said steeringshaft are coupled, such that rotation of said steering knob causesrotation of said steering shaft; and a braking system, said brakingsystem comprising: a lid, a disc configured to move between an extendedposition, wherein said disc is engaged with said lid, and a retractedposition, wherein said disc is disengaged from said lid, a bushing,wherein said bushing receives said shaft and said disc, a biasing memberconfigured to bias said bushing, and an actuator, wherein said actuatoris configured to provide relative rotation between said bushing and saidlid to align said bushing with said lid; wherein said actuator isconfigured to rotate said lid.
 33. The endoscope system of claim 32,wherein said shaft is coupled to said disc.
 34. The endoscope system ofclaim 32, wherein a space is defined between opposing surfaces of saidlid and said disc when said disc is in said retracted position.
 35. Theendoscope system of claim 32, wherein said bushing and said lid arealigned when at least one protrusion of said lid is received within atleast one indentation of said bushing.
 36. The endoscope system of claim32, wherein the braking system is received in the steering knob, andwherein the braking system is movable relative to the steering knob andthe steering shaft.
 37. The endoscope system of claim 32, wherein thebiasing member is in a compressed state when the disc is in theretracted position, and wherein the biasing member is in a decompressedstate, relative to the compressed state, when the disc is in theextended position.
 38. The endoscope system of claim 32, wherein theactuator is configured to, through relative rotation between the bushingand the lid, decompress the biasing member such that decompression ofthe biasing member pushes the disc into the extended position.
 39. Anendoscope system, comprising: an insertion tube; a steering knob forarticulating a section of said insertion tube; a first articulationactuator; a first shaft coupled to the first articulation actuator; afirst sleeve coupled to the steering knob, wherein the first shaft isreceived in the first sleeve and wherein the steering knob and the firstsleeve are coupled, such that rotation of said steering knob causesrotation of said first sleeve; a first braking system configured tobrake the first articulation actuator, said first braking systemcomprising: a first braking actuator, wherein the first braking actuatorincludes a pin received in the first shaft, and at least one brake body,wherein the at least one brake body extends radially outward from saidpin, and wherein the pin and the at least one brake body are engaged,such that movement of the pin, via actuation of the first brakingactuator, is configured to move the at least one brake body between aretracted position and an extended position; a second articulationactuator; and a second braking system configured to brake the secondarticulation actuator, the second braking system comprising: a brakinglid, a braking disc configured to move between an extended position,wherein the braking disc is engaged with the braking lid, and aretracted position, wherein the braking disc is disengaged from thebraking lid, a braking bushing, a biasing member configured to bias thebraking bushing, and a second braking actuator, wherein the secondbraking actuator is configured to provide relative rotation between saidbraking bushing and said braking lid, such that decompression of saidbiasing member pushes said braking disc into the extended position. 40.The endoscope system of claim 39, wherein the braking bushing isreceived within the biasing member.
 41. the endoscope system of claim39, wherein the second braking actuator is configured to rotate thebraking lid.
 42. The endoscope system of claim 39, wherein the at leastone brake body presses against a first sleeve when the at least onebrake body is in the extended position.